Magento 2 basically uses the Entity-Attribute-Value (EAV) database design framework to store and manage product data. The EAV structure model is a simple way to create complex and highly scalable data structures, such as the elements in e-commerce systems such as Magento.

EAV Database design pattern Magento 2

In the case of Magento 2:

Entity: An entity represents the primary piece of data. In Magento 2, objects are entities, and each object has a unique entity ID.

Attribute: Attribute is a property or characteristic of an object. Product attributes in Magento 2 can include things like name, SKU, price, color, size, and more. These attributes are stored in separate database tables.

Value: Values ​​represent actual data associated with attributes for specific objects. For example, for a product attribute such as “color,” the parameters might be “red,” “blue,” and “green,” etc. The values ​​are also stored in tables.

The EAV model enables Magento to manage content efficiently with a large number of customizable properties. However, it is important to note that although EAV offers flexibility, it can also introduce complexity, especially when it comes to querying a database for specific data

In addition to EAV, Magento 2 implements new database design patterns and practices in various parts of the system such as the use of relationship tables for customer data, order data, and category data among others These patterns are chosen based on specific needs and data the configuration of each object in the system.

Magento 2 developers and administrators need to be aware of the complexities of database structure and design patterns in order to work effectively and efficiently with the platform for performance and scalability